The History of DUI Laws in the United States – 1960 to 1990

Driving while intoxicated is not a new problem. In fact, it's practically as old as the automobile itself. In this blog, we've been looking at the history of DUI laws and enforcement over the past weeks, beginning with the first such U.S. laws in 1907. The decades between 1960 and 1990 brought substantial changes both in how law enforcement deals with DUI offenses and also in public opinion.

While alcohol-related traffic accidents still account for more than 40 percent of all traffic fatalities in the United States, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the number of traffic deaths has been reduced dramatically over the past 50 years.

MADD and DUI Laws

This shift is, in large part, contributable to one California mother's passion and loss. Candy Lightner started Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD) in 1980 after her 13-year-old was struck and killed by a drunk driver with previous DUI convictions while she was walking home from school. Lightner and MADD worked diligently to change America's DUI laws and raise public opinion about the seriousness of drinking and driving. MADD is largely responsible for the lowering of the legal blood alcohol limit to .10% from .15% and a few years later to .08%. (Today's limit is .05%.) The organization also pushed for "zero tolerance" legislation for drivers under the age of 21. Such laws made it illegal for young drivers to operate a vehicle with a .01% or greater blood alcohol level.

MADD was also successful in lobbying Congress to raise the national drinking age, resulting in the minimum drinking age being raised from 18 to 21 years in 1984. Largely as a result of MADD's activity, 700 new drunk driving laws were passed in the United States between 1980 and 1985.

Student against drunk driving (SADD), formed in 1981, was another force in changing how young people look at drinking and driving. Today, this peer-driven group has 10,000 chapters in middle schools, high schools and colleges throughout the United States.

Drunk driving began to be taken seriously during the 1980s, both by citizens and by law enforcement. That work continued into the 1990s and beyond. In our next post, we'll look at how DUI laws changed from 1990 to the present day.

This is the third post of a four-part series on the history of DUI laws in the United States and their enforcement. Last time, we talked about DUI laws in the post World War II era. We hope you'll visit again over the next few weeks as we discuss how DUI laws in the United States have evolved over the past decades.

The History of DUI Laws in the United States – 1930 to 1960

The end of prohibition in 1933 brought alcohol back to American living rooms and restaurants. In addition, the gradual end of the Great Depression meant more average Americans were able to buy automobiles, often for the first time. This combination increased the number of alcohol-related accidents and re-focused America's attention on the problem of drinking and driving.

One of the most notable such accidents of that era involved best-selling author Margaret Mitchell, whose Civil War era novel, "Gone with the Wind" had earned her more than $1 million in royalties. Ms. Mitchell was crossing the street near her Atlanta home in 1949 when she was struck by an off-duty taxi driver motoring down the wrong side of the street. She died of her injuries several days later. The driver later admitted to having had several drinks.

Measuring Blood Alcohol Levels

The first DUI laws in the United States prohibited driving drunk, but left it up to the arresting officers to determine what "drunk" meant. It wasn't until 1938—more than 30 years after the first DUI laws were enacted--that legal blood alcohol levels were set. The first breathalyzer, called the "drunk o meter," was created by Indiana University professor Rolla N. Harger in 1931. This early, balloon-like device would change color if a person's breath contained alcohol. (The present-day breathalyzer test was invented in 1954 by an Indiana State Police Captain.)

This era also saw the American Medical Association get involved in drinking, driving and public safety. They created a Committee to Study Problems of Motor Vehicle Accidents in 1938. This committee was partially responsible for setting the legal blood alcohol level at .15 and below. Indiana took this information and enacted the first Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) law in 1939.

As the "Mad Men" era of the 1950s and 1960s ended and with it much of the "glamor" of excessive drinking, organizations like MADD and SADD began to have political clout. In addition, DUI laws began to become more stringent as public opinion shifted to favor such laws. In our next post, we'll look at how DUI laws changed from 1960 to 1990.

This is the second post of a four-part series on the history of DUI laws in the United States and their enforcement. Last time, we talked about how DUI laws began in this country. We hope you'll visit again over the next few weeks as we discuss how DUI laws in the United States have evolved over the past decades.

The Early History of DUI Laws in the United States

Alcohol-related traffic accidents account for more than 40 percent of all traffic fatalities in the United States, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA.) To help combat this alarming statistic, all 50 U.S. states have laws against driving under the influence of alcohol or other controlled substances (DUI). Sometimes also called DWI (driving while intoxicated) or OVI (operating a vehicle while intoxicated), these laws first started to appear in the early part of the 20th century. Today, nearly one in every ten criminal arrests in the United States is for DUI, according to the NHTSA.

History of DUI Laws

The problem of driving while intoxicated is nearly as old as the automobile itself and is not specifically an American problem. In fact, the first DUI arrest occurred in London in 1897, according to History.com, when George Smith ran his cab into the side of a building. (He pled guilty and was fined 25 shillings.) In the United States, Massachusetts was the first state to enact a DUI statute, in 1907.

They were followed by California and New York State in 1910. The other 45 states (at that time) followed soon after that. Early laws prohibited driving while intoxicated, but didn't define what that meant. It wasn't until nearly twenty years later that the first blood alcohol limit was set.

Prohibition and DUI Enforcement

Prohibition in the United States, which lasted between 1920 and 1933, helped to reduce (but not eliminate completely) driving under the influence in the United States. Perhaps even more effective at controlling the problem in this era was the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression that followed. This forced many Americans to give up their cars or put off buying one for more than a decade.

The repeal of the Volstead Act in 1933 ended prohibition and made drinking alcohol legal again in the United States. As more and more Americans became able to afford an automobile, the problem of drunk driving began to rear its ugly head again. In our next post, we'll look at how DUI laws changed in the prosperous post-World War II era.

This is the first post of a four-part series on the history of DUI laws in the United States and their enforcement. We hope you'll visit again over the next few weeks as we discuss how DUI laws in the United States have evolved over the past decades.

How Do I Get Out of Jail after an Arrest in Florida?

After an arrest, you will be placed in custody, initially in a holding cell at the police station, and later transferred to another facility. After your arrest, you must be arraigned, which is when formal charges are filed against you. At the arraignment, the issue of bail may also be addressed. For some crimes, there is a special hearing to set bail. It is not advised that you appear at your arraignment or a bail hearing, or any court appearance without a lawyer, as the bail amount set by the judge could be too high for you to afford.

Your lawyer can submit information about you, your character and why you could be released on your own recognizance – with no bail amount due. If bail is required, you want it to be as low as possible so you can afford it and return to your home and family. The only way to get out of jail in these cases is to post bail. There are bail bondsmen that are in the business of providing the amount of bail you need, and expect about 10% of the amount to be paid to them to provide this service.

Under the Constitution, bail cannot be excessive, or to punish you for the crime it is alleged you committed. Bail amounts vary, and a good lawyer can usually negotiate it down to a reasonable amount, and can also connect you with a bail bond service so you can get out as quickly as possible.

Contact Jonathan Blecher, P.A. in Miami for more information about getting out of jail after an arrest.

If My Criminal Record Is Expunged, Do I Ever Have to Admit That I Have a Criminal Record?

There are many life situations that will require you to admit to a criminal record, such as applying to attend certain colleges or schools, when applying for a professional license, for loans and others. If you have been convicted of a crime, you are required to admit it on the form, which could make you ineligible.

Once your criminal record has been expunged, you no longer have to admit to your record while filling out forms. Police have access to criminal records that have been expunged, but other members of the public don't – including prospective employers. You no longer have to admit that you have been arrested, charged or convicted, once your criminal record has been expunged.

There are certain jobs that still require you to disclose that you have a criminal record, such as working as a government employee. If you are concerned about whether you are safe from having to admit to an arrest or conviction in a case that was expunged or sealed, talk to a lawyer who can advise you, based upon what type of job or license you are applying for. Generally, you do not have to admit that you have a criminal record once it is expunged or sealed.

Find out more about expungement from our Miami attorney, Jonathan Blecher, P.A.

How Can I Find Out if There Is a Warrant for My Arrest?

Are you worried that there is a warrant for your arrest? If there is, you are at great risk, as you can be picked up anywhere, anytime, and taken into custody. To find out if there is an outstanding arrest warrant, you can search the Miami-Dade police website.

Not everything is listed on this site. Most people worried about arrest warrants get help from an attorney who will find out if there is a warrant, and if so, take action to get it resolved before an arrest is made. A warrant could be issued for unpaid fines and tickets, a failure to appear in court when ordered, and probation violations, as well as for misdemeanor or felony crimes.

There can be some trouble finding a warrant that actually exists, as there are many ways there could be an error in spelling a name, and all data entered in a computer is done by human hands. You could search the site and believe there is no warrant, only to be picked up later. It isn't worth taking a chance.

If you are concerned and believe there could be a warrant for your arrest, you know there is some kind of situation that needs to be resolved. Make the choice to contact a lawyer to find out for you, and to take any defense action that could assist you to avoid an arrest and charge for a criminal offense. Early intervention by a lawyer could be what saves you from a very unpleasant and dangerous legal situation.

Click here to get help from a Miami lawyer from Jonathan Blecher, P.A.

Police Union President Weighs in on Body-Mounted Cameras

I recently blogged about a move by Miami-Dade County Mayor Carlos Gimenez to phase in the implementation of body-mounted cameras on Miami-Dade County police officers (MDPD). Already, the Miami Beach Police Department reeling from dozens of cases of abuse by officers, is moving ahead to require body-mounted cameras. Follow this LINK to a report by Miami ABC affiliate Local10.com.

PBA Union President John Rivera, a bull-nosed, blue-line advocate doesn't want them. Why would cops want transparency, anyway? Take a look below at his interview with Carlos Miller, web blogger with PINAC (Photography is Not a Crime).

 And now, for a quick follow up to this story. Last week South Carolina State Trooper stopped a man for a seat belt violation asked him for his license. With no provocation, or weapon , the trooper shot at the man four times, hitting him at least once. One of the shots came AFTER the man had his hands in the air.This happens daily in the US without cameras. A badge has become a de facto license to kill. Forget about the elite, polished, pinnacle of evolution and decades of unparalleled training: the James Bond archetype, today in America any C or D student with HS degree and a fratboy's mentality can kill at will with the imprimatur of both the state and federal government.